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991.
Petrill SA Deater-Deckard K Thompson LA Dethorne LS Schatschneider C 《Journal of learning disabilities》2006,39(1):48-55
The present study combined parallel data from the Northeast-Northwest Collaborative Adoption Projects (N2CAP) and the Western Reserve Reading Project (WRRP) to examine sibling similarity and quantitative genetic model estimates for measures of reading skills in 272 school-age sibling pairs from three family types (monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, and unrelated adoptive siblings). The study included measures of letter and word identification, phonological awareness, phonological decoding, rapid automatized naming, and general cognitive ability. Estimates of additive genetic effects and shared environmental effects were moderate and significant. Furthermore, shared environmental effects estimated in twins were generally similar in magnitude to adoptive sibling correlations, suggesting highly replicable estimates across different study designs. 相似文献
992.
Diana Papaioannou Anthea Sutton Christopher Carroll Andrew Booth Ruth Wong 《Health information and libraries journal》2010,27(2):114-122
Background: Literature for a systematic review on the student experience of e‐learning is located across a range of subject areas including health, education, social science, library and information science. Objectives: To assess the merits and shortcomings of using different search techniques in retrieval of evidence in the social science literature. Methods: A conventional subject search was undertaken as the principal method of identifying the literature for the review. Four supplementary search methods were used including citation searching, reference list checking, contact with experts and pearl growing. Results: The conventional subject search identified 30 of 41 included references; retrieved from 10 different databases. References were missed by this method and a further 11 references were identified via citation searching, reference list checking and contact with experts. Pearl growing was suspended as the nominated pearls were dispersed across numerous databases, with no single database indexing more than four pearls. Conclusions: Searching within the social sciences literature requires careful consideration. Conventional subject searching identified the majority of references, but additional search techniques were essential and located further high quality references. 相似文献
993.
Teaching and Learning in the Mixed-Reality Science Classroom 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Lisa Tolentino David Birchfield Colleen Megowan-Romanowicz Mina C. Johnson-Glenberg Aisling Kelliher Christopher Martinez 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2009,18(6):501-517
As emerging technologies become increasingly inexpensive and robust, there is an exciting opportunity to move beyond general
purpose computing platforms to realize a new generation of K-12 technology-based learning environments. Mixed-reality technologies
integrate real world components with interactive digital media to offer new potential to combine best practices in traditional
science learning with the powerful affordances of audio/visual simulations. This paper introduces the realization of a learning
environment called SMALLab, the Situated Multimedia Arts Learning Laboratory. We present a recent teaching experiment for
high school chemistry students. A mix of qualitative and quantitative research documents the efficacy of this approach for
students and teachers. We conclude that mixed-reality learning is viable in mainstream high school classrooms and that students
can achieve significant learning gains when this technology is co-designed with educators. 相似文献
994.
The authors investigated ethnicity, self‐construal, and distress among African American and Asian American college students. African American students expressed more salient independent self‐construals, whereas Asian American students expressed more salient interdependent self‐construals. As hypothesized, among African American participants, distress was positively related to interdependent self‐construal and negatively associated with independent self‐construal. Contrary to prediction, the same pattern was found for Asian American participants. Multicultural clinical practice implications are presented. 相似文献
995.
Creativity assessment commonly uses open-ended divergent thinking tasks. The typical methods for scoring these tasks (uniqueness scoring and subjective ratings) are time-intensive, however, so it is impractical for researchers to include divergent thinking as an ancillary construct. The present research evaluated snapshot scoring of divergent thinking tasks, in which the set of responses receives a single holistic rating. We compared snapshot scoring to top-two scoring, a time-intensive, detailed scoring method. A sample of college students (n = 226) completed divergent thinking tasks and measures of personality and art expertise. Top-two scoring had larger effect sizes, but snapshot scoring performed well overall. Snapshot scoring thus appears promising as a quick and simple approach to assessing creativity. 相似文献
996.
Pinar Soysal Christopher Hurst Jacopo Demurtas Joseph Firth Reuben Howden Lin Yang Mark A. Tully Ai Koyanagi Petre Cristian Ilie Guillermo F. Lpez-Snchez Lukas Schwingshackl Nicola Veronese Lee Smith 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(3):290
PurposeThe aim of the present study was to assess both the credibility and strength of evidence arising from systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies on handgrip strength and health outcomes.MethodsAn umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies was conducted. We assessed meta-analyses of observational studies based on random-effect summary effect sizes and their p values, 95% prediction intervals, heterogeneity, small-study effects, and excess significance. We graded the evidence from convincing (Class I) to weak (Class IV).ResultsFrom 504 articles returned in a search of the literature, 8 systematic reviews were included in our review, with a total of 11 outcomes. Overall, nine of the 11 of the outcomes reported nominally significant summary results (p < 0.05), with 4 associations surviving the application of the more stringent p value (p < 10−6). No outcome presented convincing evidence. Three associations showed Class II evidence (i.e., highly suggestive): (1) higher handgrip values at baseline were associated with a minor reduction in mortality risk in the general population (n = 34 studies; sample size = 1,855,817; relative risk = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.67–0.78), (2) cardiovascular death risk in mixed populations (n = 15 studies; relative risk = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.78–0.91), and (3) incidence of disability (n = 7 studies; relative risk = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.66–0.87).ConclusionThe present results show that handgrip strength is a useful indicator for general health status and specifically for early all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, as well as disability. To further inform intervention strategies, future research is now required to fully understand mechanisms linking handgrip strength scores to these health outcomes. 相似文献
997.
Christopher Bartel 《Ethics and Information Technology》2012,14(1):11-16
Morgan Luck raises a potentially troubling problem for gamers who enjoy video games that allow the player to commit acts of
virtual murder. The problem simply is that the arguments typically advanced to defend virtual murder in video games would
appear to also support video games that allowed gamers to commit acts of virtual paedophilia. Luck’s arguments are persuasive,
however, there is one line of argument that he does not consider, which may provide the relevant distinction: as virtual paedophilia
involves the depiction of sexual acts involving children, it is therefore an instance of child pornography. I argue that virtual
paedophilia involves the depiction of sexual acts involving children, which amounts to child pornography. I then draw on arguments
to show that child pornography is morally objectionable. Finally, depictions of virtual murder are not instances of pornography,
and so are not morally objectionable for this reason. So, there is a relevant moral distinction to draw between virtual murder
and virtual paedophilia that is able to justify the former but not the latter. 相似文献
998.
Sleep is now considered as a new frontier in performance enhancement. This article presents background content on sleep function, sleep needs and methods of sleep investigation along with data on the potential effects of Ramadan fasting on sleep in normal individuals and athletes. Accumulated sleep loss has negative impacts on cognitive function, mood, daytime sleepiness and performance. Sleep studies in athletes fasting during Ramadan are very rare. Most of them have demonstrated that during this month, sleep duration decreased and sleep timing shifted. But the direct relation between sleep changes and performance during Ramadan is not yet elucidated. Objective sleep patterns can be investigated using polysomnography, actigraphy, and standardised questionnaires and recorded in daily journals or sleep logs. The available data on sleep indicate that team doctors and coaches should consider planning sleep schedule and napping; implementing educational programmes focusing on the need for healthy sleep; and consider routine screening for sleep loss in athletes of all age groups and genders. 相似文献
999.
We outline the evolution of a computerised systematic observation tool and describe the process for establishing the validity and reliability of this new instrument. The Coach Analysis and Interventions System (CAIS) has 23 primary behaviours related to physical behaviour, feedback/reinforcement, instruction, verbal/non-verbal, questioning and management. The instrument also analyses secondary coach behaviour related to performance states, recipient, timing, content and questioning/silence. The CAIS is a multi-dimensional and multi-level mechanism able to provide detailed and contextualised data about specific coaching behaviours occurring in complex and nuanced coaching interventions and environments that can be applied to both practice sessions and competition. 相似文献
1000.
Chaddock L Hillman CH Pontifex MB Johnson CR Raine LB Kramer AF 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(5):421-430
Aerobically fit children outperform less fit peers on cognitive control challenges that involve inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. The aim of this study was to determine whether, compared with less fit children, more fit 9- and 10-year-old pre-adolescents exhibit superior performance on a modified compatible and incompatible flanker task of cognitive control at the initial time of fitness testing and approximately one year later. We found that more fit children demonstrated increased flanker accuracy at both test sessions, coupled with a superior ability to flexibly allocate strategies during task conditions that required different amounts of cognitive control, relative to less fit children. More fit children also gained a speed benefit at follow-up testing. Structural MRI data were also collected to investigate the relationship between basal ganglia volume and task performance. Bilateral putamen volumes of the dorsal striatum and globus pallidus volumes predicted flanker performance at initial and follow-up testing one year later. The present findings suggest that childhood aerobic fitness and basal ganglia volumes relate to cognitive control at the time of fitness testing and may play a role in cognitive performance in the future. We hope that this research will encourage public health and educational changes that will promote a physically active lifestyle in children. 相似文献